Hurricane lantern



B. NIER 2,004,826

HURRICANE LANTERN Filed May 6, 1935 I5 Sheets-Sheet 1 June 11, 1935 June 11, 1935. NIER 2,004,826

HURRICANE LANTERN Filed May 6, 193/3} 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 afqnm June 11, 1935 NIER 2,004,826

- HURRICANE LANTERN Filed May 6, 1933 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 .37 F 910 Fly.

137) JaNTaYQ BYYLW Patented June 11, 1935' FATE-u Qf 'the hurricane lanterns most widely employed, those with a fresh air supply have alu min'ous' intensity of about'fi Hefner candle power.

T:o"produce' this lighting power seven-line burn ersa're used; "Iheseburners are lodged in lanterns of a certain size, and taking into consideration the entire spaceflbetween the sieve-plate' which carries theilampchinineyjand the outletfor the combustion gasesat the top of the lanternchim 'neyQffor the smallest lantern on sale nowadays and satisf yin'g 'the requirements in question there isan air chamber of 870 cubic centimeters, thatis may, ana'ii' space of 145 cubic centimeters per Hefner candle, when the calculation is based on "'thegenerally observedluminous intensity of 6 Hefnercandles. "The'total size of the lantern corresponds with this air space. Uponthisdepends'the quantityof raw, 'rnaterials tobeemployed for the manufacture aswell as the amount]- of expenditure upon wages and thel-ikel The 'quality" of a hurricane lantern, however; is

d'etermin'ed-not 'only' by a certain luminous 'i'n-" tensityand by the-cost of themanu'factureandthe-selling price, but also by whether itburns withodt'odor or not. It may be observed "that a lantern-[of the construction hitherto usual, after burning for some time, evolves an obnoxious smell, a-phenomeno'n whichis to be 'attributedto the fact'tliat these lanterns no not entirely consume the petroleumsupplied by'the'wick. i

The object of this invention is to obtain about the same normallu'minous intensity as hitherto" with a lantern which requires," for the production of'LHefner candle unit','an air space of notmore "than 120 cubic cent'imeters and which, on account of the"coinplete combustion attained-by it of all the substances contained in the petroleum,

burriswithout0dorfi- The invention is illustrated by way of'examplein thesaccompanying drawings, in which:

/ Fig. 1 shows an' elvati'onview of the lantern; I Fig. 2 shows a similar view of the burner hood thereof}, -I ;l

' "Fig. 3 is asimilarview of the burner modified constructionalform; partly in section;

Fl g. 5 shows aplan of air-supplying means es pecially provided for this T form of I construction; Figs. 6 *and 7' show another somewhat modified form of construction of the burner in'two-se c tional elevations at right angles to one another; Fig. -8-''sho'ws:-a further constructional form of the burner insectional elevation;

Fig. 4 shows a side view of the "burner-in a "Fig; 9'shows a sectionalelevation of tliisform' taken at 'right anglestoFig.3; I

Fig. 10 shows in sectional elevationa modified form of the burner shown in Fig. 8;

Fig. 11 is a sectional elevation of this form taken at'right angles to Fig. 10;

Fig. 12 shows a further form of construction insectional elevation; I I I Fig. 13 shows yet another modified formofconstruction in sectional elevation;

' Fig. 14- shows a section ofthis constructional form taken atright angles'to Fig. 13;

Fi 151s a vertical sectional View drag; 5'1,

passages forair and for the prodshowing the ucts of combu'stiomand Fig. 16 is a cross-sectional view of Fi'g/lhioni' lines I6l6. The lantern is'built in the usual Figli showsa lantern using a 5-line burner only. "An;

it? v important feature, however, is that, thelantern top [is about 15% less distant from the burner hood 2 than in the usual lanterns of'the'srnaller intensity 9f.

size, having the normal luminous about 6 Hefner candle power. e 4,

A total airspace (if 420 cubic/centimeters is created in the relatively smalljinteriorbetween the sieve plate 3 and-the exit -openings 1 off'the' chimney so that therefisr a space of only about cubic centimeters per Hefnercandle. The flame is thereby brought nearer tothe' lantern head which has become smaller; and, this lantern head becomes more highly heated than with the known constructions even in the case of the smallest hurricane lanterns on'the market. The increase of temperature compared with known lanter'ns,

here amounts to about 100 C. a't'the upp'ersnioke I 5 bell cover, and to about 10 C .,at the junction of theairsupply tubes 6 with the chimney top, so that at'these places temperatures of ;37and degrees, respectively, areobtained, instead of 275 and 'lqdegrees, at outside temperatures of about 18 to 20 degrees. By this greater h'eating th'e air circulation is considerably increased, the masses of air inside thefllantern chimney ,receivingcon siderably ,increased buoyancy. This upward urge brings about a quick flowof fresh air th'rough'i the lower' sieve plate 3 of the lanterrLas well as a quick 'infiux of fresh air into the lateral air tube apertures. By thesemeans an accelerated speed of circulation of the masses of air moved a noticeably preheated.

bythe greater heating is caused, this air being 56 This preheated air whichis conducted into air chamber 5 situated underneath "the burner v hood 2' together with the increased air supply through'the sieve 3' causes such a considerably, greater intensity of combustion that with the small lantern'the same candle power is obtained as withthe usual combustion spaces which are about twice as large, the better combustion being evidenced by an entire absence of odor. The air supply tubes 6 must, of course, be of such a large cross-section that the air necessary for the intensive combustion may be able to pass through in an unobstructed manner.

Experimentshave proved that across-sectional area of'l'ess than'lOO square'millimeters for the air tubes does not allow suflicient ,air to pass through, the best results being obtained witha cross-section of about 180 square millimeters This upper limit need not be so strictly adhered to, since cross sections of 280 square milli- 'meters Still give serviceable results.

The success of this lantern structure arises from a proper proportioning as regards volumes of the two air spaces under consideration, namely the air space below the burner and below the burner hood and the air space above the burner hood, these two spaces being. separated fromone another by the burner hood itself and, communieating with one another by way of the slot in the burner hood.

A hurricane lantern" of theikind is described-burns steadily and without smoke in temperature zones, atatrnospheric temperatures up to approximately 25 C., but is liableto: smoke 7 like other known lanterns if the surrounding temperature is appreciably abovey25 degrees; It has now. been found that this undesirable phenomenon can be caused to disappear if provision is made foran ample removal of the heatof combustion arising just at the end of the wick sheath as a result of the burning of the lantern. The

1 means hereinafter describedfor removing this heat are also applicable to lanterns of ordi-- nary dimensions, in which case they enable the candle power of such lanterns to be increasediby increasing the air supply from underneath through thesieve plate 3, without rendering the flame liable'to deposit soot, as soon as any movement of the external air occurs, or even to be- .comeextinguished in the event of gusts of wind In the form of construction illustratedin Figs. 4 and 5', II is the head or hood of the burner which has an under portiongenerally designated by l2, fitted about'the open top of the oil container M, the upper part of .which container con-.- stitutes a burner chamber l8. p v p The under member l2 of the burner has a perforated plate l5 which carries the burnerhood H.

;With the plate I5 is operatively associated an inner perforated plate 1 I6. Fixed to the plate 3 l6 about the'perforations thereinare a circular series of air conducting tubes 11, the upper edges of which'engage in the perforations. of the platel5,f so that the tubes in effect extend downwardly from l5'and are spacedrelativelyto each other as at l9. By the perforated internal plate IS the admission of air'to the burner hood is rendered possible.

passages lI air canalsoenter and cool the wick sieve; in the'zone 20 and at the sametime cool the cover plate ZLTFurthe'rmore the passages- I1 are hereby air cooled and the air suppliedflto vthe burner hood-is thereby cooled simultaneously with the 'cooling'of the under part" of the burner at 20 and 2|. The wick sheath is denotedby 2 5 the frame plate connected therewith by 26, and the zperforated cover sieve by 24. It is to be. noted From the burner chamber l8 the air passes through the tubes I 1 into the burner hood.

Through the spaces l3 between the individual that the plate I6 is formed with a central depression I3, the'bottom of which is apertured to receive the wick sheath 25, the latter being in beaded engagement therewith.

Theheat of combustion arising at the top of the wick sheath owing to the burning of the lantern can be rapidly removed by makingthe wick sheath or other constituent parts of the burner connected therewith of a material that conducts heat appreciably better than brass 'or' sheet iron or tin plate, which have hitherto been used for this purpose. The first material that suggests itself for this purpose is copper. The parts that should be made of copper and like good conductors of heat for this purpose are shown in Fig. 6,

' namely the wick sheath 25, the, flame plate 26, the pBlfOXtltGdxOQYCI plate 2 I, the perforated cover sieve-24, the under portion l2oi'xthe burner and also if desired the wick actuating means 21. One or another of these parts orseveral of them as required may be made of the. better conductsheath; itself. 1

Alternatively separate, metaljstrips, maybe ink,"

serted in the burner to conduct ,theihe at away either entirely in the interior of the burner, or. better still, in such a way that they terminateoutside the burner, and thus conductthe heat awayfrom the under portionoi the burner, when; it becomes -hot.. Thus, in Fig. 7 special supple-i,- mentary copper strips 22 are connectedwiththe: wick sheath, one strip 23 being completely inside; I the burner, and the other strip 22terminating outside the burner.

According to the invention, as hasalready been. emphasized either thewick sheath 25 or the cover plate 2 I or the perforated cover sieve 2! or; else,

the under part l2 of the burner orilnallyihe wick actuating means, 21 may be made of copper.. Any one of these-parts if made v of amaterial of,

employed to be satisfactorilyused evenathigh external temperatures. The effect is particularly;

good if all the parts of the under'member 12 of the burner which guides the wick are made of,

plate 26 and the cover plate 2| of tinned sheet iron:

(tin-plate) and to make the wick sheath 25. of

coppen.

Instead of copper, copper alloys that are rich in copper such as pinchbeck "and;the like, or

aluminum, may be employed. The decisivefactor is primarily only the thermal conductivity, which must be so great that the heat evolved at the wick sheath when the lantern is burning is-con,-.

ducted away quickly that there'is no formation of smoke at the flame. I 1 I Y Another method of removing. the heat of bustion arising at the top. of the ;wick sheathis by directing'anenergetic currentgoi airtowards this point. Means for eflecting this are illus-' ,trated inF'igs. am 12. In these and the succeedingfigures the wick sheath is denoted byrll'. In,

Figs. 8 and 9 the upper part-of the .wick=sheath is surrounded by* a Jacket 32. This Jacket-is mounted with its lower edge upon the cover,

sieve 33. Between the upper edgefl'of the .wick

sheath 3| and the member 32 there is an aperture or gap 35, and between the member 32 and the wick sheath 3| there is an intervening space 36 which acts like a chimney and occasions a very energetic movement of air thereby, producing a cooling efiect.

In the form of construction illustrated in Figs. 1 10 and 11 the member 31 corresponding to the In the constructional form illustrated in Fig.12

the outer body or jacket 33 is not secured upon the cover sieve 33 but is directly fitted to the wick sheath by an especially perforated part 39.

As already stated there is a considerable cooling of the wick sheath in the constructional forms illustrated in Figs. 8 to 12, particularly at the upper edge thereof. Owing to the fact that part of the air ascending from the lower part of the burner through the cover sieve 33 traverses the space 36 whilethe remainder of it passes directly into the burner hood I. The space 36 thus'acts like a chimney and the burners made in this way are reliable in operation at all practicable external temperatures.

In many cases, however, it is sufllcient if the cooling is brought about by an arrangement such as that illustrated in Figs. 13 and 14. In this case the wick plate or flame plate 4| is drawn perpendicularly downwards and thereby forms a wall 42. When the air flows in an upward direction the wall 42 located in this current of air and the whole of the flame plate 4| and therefore also the wick sheath are so energetically cooled that satisfactory burning of the lantern is ensured.

Fig. 15 illustrates the passages for air and the products of combustion. The full lined arrows indicate the inlet passages for air while the dashlined arrows indicate outlet passages for the products of combustion.

Fig. 16 shows a cross-section of Fig. 15 on line Iii-l5.

I claim:

1. A hurricane lantern of'the wick type burning liquid fuel, comprising a glass chimney, a sieve plate carrying the glass chimney, and a lantern head located above the glass chimney and formed with apertures for the escape of the gaseous products of combustion, the space between'the sieve plate and the apertures in the lantern head not exceeding cubic centimeters per Hefner candle power produced.: 7

2. A hurricane lantern as claimed inclaim 1,

further comprising a wick sheath, and means for facilitating the rapid renewal of the heat generated at the wick sheath by the burning of the lantern.

3. A hurricane lantern burner comprising a wick sheath, and strips of copper connected at one end with the top of the wick sheath, the said strips of copper extending transversely to thecurrent of air flowing upwardly around the wick sheath and being adapted to conduct away rap idly the heat generated at the wick sheath b the burning of the lantern.

4. A hurricane lantern burner comprising a wick sheath, and a large flame plate surrounding and secured to the upper part of the wick sheath, the margin of the flame plate being so bent downwardly as to form a closed jacket surrounding the upper part of the wick sheath and leaving an annular space between itself and the wick sheath, and the jacket being open at the bottom so that the current of air flowing upwardlyv around the wick sheath impinges strongly upon the said jacket to remove the heat there from. I

5. A hurricane lantern burner adapted to be mounted in an oil container, the upper part of which constitutes a burner chamber, comprising a wick sheath, a burner hood extending over and around the upper end of the wick sheath, a plate perforated with a ring of apertures of substantial size surrounding the under portion of the burner and carrying the burner hood, means for admitting air for combustion to the burner chamber, vertical metal tubes of the same crosspheric air can have free access between them f so as to cool the tubes, the under portion of the burner and the part of the wick sheath extending'below the perforated plate.

6. A hurricane lantern, as claimed in claim 1,

in which the sieve plate carrying the chimney is made of metal, the lantern further comprising a metallic wick sheath, a metallic flame plate secured to the upper end of the wick sheath, a

metallic cover sieve surrounding the central part 1 of the wick sheath, and metallic wick actuating means, some of the said metallic parts,including the wick sheath, being made of a metal which is a very good conductor of heatsuch as copper.

7. A hurricane lantern of the wick type burn-' ing liquid fuel, comprising a glass chimney, a metallic sieve plate carrying the glass chimney, a lantern head located above the glass chimney and formed with apertures for the escape of gaseousproducts of combustion and including a me-.

tallic wick sheath, a metallic flame plate semetallic cover sieve surrounding the central part of the wick sheath, and metallic wick actuating means, the'wick sheath being made of a metal which is a very good conductor of heat such as copper. I BRUNO NIER.

cured to the upperend of the wick sheath, a 

